外国保险机构驻华代表机构管理办法(英文版)

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外国保险机构驻华代表机构管理办法(英文版)

中国保险监督管理委员会


外国保险机构驻华代表机构管理办法(英文版)


Rules on Administration of Representative Offices of Foreign Insurance Institutions

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1
These rules are formulated in accordance with the Insurance Law of the People’s Republic of China, and for the purpose of strengthening the administration of representative offices of foreign insurance institutions (hereinafter referred to as “representative offices”), and meeting the needs of the opening up of China’s insurance market to the outside world.

Article 2
Foreign insurance institutions hereof referred to in these rules are those insurance companies, reinsurance companies, insurance intermediaries, insurance associations, and other insurance organizations incorporated outside the territory of the People’s Republic of China.
Representative offices hereof referred to in these rules are both representative offices and general representative offices established by foreign insurance institutions within Chinese territory for the purpose of conducting such non-operational activities as liaison service and market research etc.
Chief Representative hereof referred to in these rules is the principal responsible person of the representative office, and the general representative is the principal responsible person of the general representative office.

Article 3
Representative offices shall abide by Chinese laws and regulations and related regulations made by China Insurance Regulatory Commission (hereinafter referred to as “CIRC”) and their legitimate rights and interests are protected by Chinese laws.

Article 4
CIRC is authorized by law and the State Council to perform regulatory responsibilities over the representative offices.
Under the authorization scope of CIRC, the local branch offices of CIRC take general regulation of those representative offices that are located in their jurisdictions on behalf of CIRC.

Chapter Ⅱ Application and Establishment

Article 5
Foreign insurance institutions (hereinafter referred to as “the applicant”) applying to establish a representative office shall satisfy the following requirements:
(1) Good business performance;
(2) No record of any major violation of laws and regulations within three years prior to the application date;
(3) Other prudential requirements stipulated by CIRC.

Article 6
The formal application form for the establishment of representative office is provided by CIRC.

Article 7
The applicant shall submit the following documents:
(1) The formal application form;
(2) A letter of application addressed to the Chairman of CIRC and signed by its Chairman of the Board of Directors or General Manager of the concerned insurance institution;
(3) A photocopy of the business license or the certificate of authorization for insurance business, or the registry certificate issued by the relevant regulatory authorities of its home country or territory;
(4) Articles of association and the name list of the members of the Board of Directors, management personnel or principal partners;
(5) Annual reports of the last three years prior to the application;
(6) A letter of permit issued by the competent authority of its home country or territory allowing it to set up a representative office in China, or a letter of recommendation from the industrial association of which the applicant is a member, and both types of letters shall contain information about the penalty records of the applicant received within three years prior to the application;
(7) A power of attorney signed by the Chairman of the Board or General Manager for the chief representative designated;
(8) The resume of the designated chief representative and other relevant supporting documents;
(9) Other documents and materials required by CIRC.
The photocopy of the business license or the certificate of authorization for insurance business, or the registry certificate shall be subject to notarization certified by the applicant’s home country or territory or verification by the resident Embassy or Consulate of the People’s Republic of China in the applicant’s home country or territory.

Article 8
The applicant shall submit its application documents to CIRC. CIRC shall handle all the applications according to the following conditions:
(1) If the document has a mistake (mistakes) that can be corrected on the spot, the applicant shall be allowed to make the correction on the spot;
(2) If the document is incomplete or does not comply with regulatory formats, the applicant shall be informed on the spot or within five days of all the required corrections at one time. If the applicant is not informed of such information in this period, then it is assumed that the application is accepted for review on the day it is received by CIRC;
(3) If the document is complete and complies with regulatory formats, or after the applicant, upon request, has submitted additional documents and made necessary corrections, then the application shall be accepted for review.
Whether or not CIRC accepts the application for review, CIRC shall issue a written document with designated stamp and date indicated.

Article 9
Within 20 days from the date of receiving the application letter, CIRC shall make a decision on whether or not to approve. If the decision can not be made in the said 20 days, at the approval of the Chairman of CIRC, the said period can be extended 10 more days and the applicant shall be informed of reasons for the extension.
If CIRC decides to accept the application, it shall issue an approval document; in case of disapproval, CIRC shall state reasons in a written document.

Article 10
After a representative office receiving the official document of approval, it shall register with the State Administration of Industry and Commerce in line with relevant rules.
The representative office shall move into its official premises within three months from the date on which the approval document is issued; the approval document shall automatically become invalid if the said deadline is not observed.

Article 11
Any foreign insurance institution that has already established no less than two representative offices in China shall be allowed to apply to CIRC to appoint one of its representative offices as a general representative office.

Article 12
In applying to appoint the general representative office, foreign insurance institutions shall submit a letter of application addressed to the Chairman of CIRC and signed by its Chairman of the Board of Directors or General Manager of the concerned insurance institution.
The application for setting up a general representative office is subject to the same rules governing the application of a representative office.

Chapter Ⅲ Supervision and Administration

Article 13
The official title of the representative office shall be arranged in the following order: name of the foreign insurance institution + name of the city where the representative office is to be located + representative office; The official title of the representative office shall be arranged in the following order: name of the foreign insurance institution + general representative office in China.

Article 14
Except the principal responsible person, other major staff members shall be entitled “Representative” or “Deputy Representative”.

Article 15
Employees of representative office shall abide by Chinese laws and regulations, with high integrity and clean record.

Article 16
A general representative shall have a work experience above 8 years and hold a junior college degree or a higher academic degree; a chief representative shall have a work experience above 5 years, and hold a junior college degree or a higher academic degree.
Without a junior college degree, the general representative or chief representative shall have a work experience above 10 years in the insurance business.

Article 17
A maximum of three employees of foreign nationality are allowed in each representative office.

Article 18
A representative office and its employees shall not enter into any agreement or contract with any legal or natural persons, which might generate an income to the representative office or the foreign insurance institution it represents, and shall not be involved in business activities of any kind.

Article 19
A representative office shall have official premises, necessary office facilities and full-time staff.

Article 20
The General Representative or Chief Representative shall not work in two or more representative offices or any business institution in China.

Article 21
The General Representative or Chief Representative shall attend to the daily activities of the representative office on a permanent basis. If he or she consecutively stays away from the representative office for a period or more than one month, he or she shall delegate his or her responsibility as the General Representative or Chief Representative to a person specially appointed, and submit a written report to the local branch office of CIRC.

Article 22
A representative office shall submit two copies of its annual work report of the previous year before the end of each February to the CIRC’s local branch office, who shall then forward the report to CIRC’s head office.
The work report shall follow the format prescribed by CIRC.

Article 23
A representative office shall submit the annual report of the foreign insurance institution it represents to both CIRC and CIRC’s local branch office within six months after the end of each accounting year of the foreign insurance institution.

Article 24
If any following major event occurs in an insurance institution that has maintained a representative office in China, the representative office shall, within 10 days after the occurrence of the event, submit a written report to CIRC and copy the report to CIRC’s local branch office.
(1) A change in its articles of association, register capital, and registered business address;
(2) Division or merger or change of top management;
(3) Serious losses resulted in business operation;
(4) Penalties imposed for violations of laws and regulations;
(5) Major regulatory actions taken against it by the regulatory authorities of its home country or territory;
(6) Other matters which may seriously disrupt business operation of the foreign insurance institution.

Article 25
In case of changing a General Representative or Chief Representative, the representative office shall apply to CIRC, and submit the following documents:
(1) A letter of application addressed to the Chairman of CIRC, and signed by its Chairman of the Board of Directors or General Manager of the concerned insurance institution;
(2) Power of attorney of the proposed General Representative or chief representative signed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors or General Manager;
(3) Proof of personal identity certificates, certificate of academic degree and resume of the proposed General Representative or Chief Representative.

Article 26
If a foreign insurance institution intends to terminate its representative office’s operation, it shall submit a letter of application addressed to the Chairman of CIRC, and signed by its Chairman of the Board of Directors or General Manager of the concerned insurance institution.

Article 27
If a foreign insurance institution intends to change the name of its representative office, it shall submit a letter of application addressed to the Chairman of CIRC, and signed by its Chairman of the Board of Directors or General Manager of the concerned insurance institution, together with other relevant proving documents about the renaming.

Article 28
Under the situation stipulated in Article 25, Article 26, and Article 27, CIRC shall make a decision on whether to approve or disapprove of the application within 20 days from the date of receiving a complete set of application documents.
If a decision of approval is made, it shall issue an approval document; if a decision of disapproval is made, it shall notify the applicant in writing and give the reasons.

Article 29
A representative office can change its office location within the same administrative area it resides only.
The concerned representative office shall submit CIRC’s local branch office of its new office address, telephone and fax numbers within 5 days from the date of changing.

Article 30
In case of changing, increasing or reducing the number of Representatives, Deputy Representatives, or foreign employees, the concerned representative office shall report to CIRC’s local branch office within 5 days from the date of changing, and submit the proof of personal identity certificates, certificate of academic degree and resume of the nominated personnel.

Article 31
When a representative office is approved to be changed to a general representative office, the original representative office is cancelled automatically. The general representative office shall apply to the State Administration of the Industry and Commerce for cancellation of the registration of the representative office within one month from the date of CIRC’s approval within one month from the date of CIRC’s approval.

Article 32
If a general representative office is the only representative office in China after the insurance institution it represents withdraws all other representative offices, the general representative office shall be changed into a representative office.
The general representative office shall apply to CIRC by submitting an application letter regarding such change signed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors or General Manager of the concerned foreign insurance institution. Within 20 days from the date of receiving the application letter, CIRC shall make a decision on whether or not to approve. If CIRC decides to accept the application, it shall issue an approval document; in case of disapproval, CIRC shall state reasons in a written document.
When a general representative office is approved to be changed to a representative office, the original general representative office is cancelled automatically. The representative office shall apply to the State Administration of the Industry and Commerce for cancellation of its registration within one month from the date of CIRC’s approval.

Article 33
After a representative office of the foreign insurance institution is terminated by the CIRC, all the issues left unsettled shall be taken over and handled by its general representative office in China; if there is no such a general representative office, responsibilities on all issues left unsettled shall be taken over and handled by the foreign insurance institution’s other representative offices in China; if there is no any other representative office in China, responsibilities on all issues left unsettled shall be borne by the foreign insurance institution itself.

Article 34
CIRC and its local branch offices conduct general supervision and annual inspection over the representative offices of foreign institutions in regard to the following issues:
(1) The completeness of the procedures for the changes made by the representative office;
(2) The truthfulness of the documents and materials submitted to CIRC;
(3) The completeness of the procedures for the appointments or changes of staff members of representative offices;
(4) Whether or not representative offices are conducting business activities;
(5) Other items required by CIRC and its local branch offices.

Chapter Ⅳ Legal Liability

Article 35
Any representative office established without approval, in violation of certain provisions of these Rules, shall be banned by CIRC in accordance with law.

Article 36
If a representative office is engaged in financial business activities in violation of these Rules, it shall be punished by CIRC in line with relevant laws and regulations. If a representative office is engaged in profit-seeking operational activities other than insurance business, it shall be imposed a disciplinary warning or a fine below RMB 300,000 yuan.

Article 37
If a representative office fails to submit relevant reports or documents as stipulated in Article 22, 23, 24 of these Rules to CIRC, it shall be imposed a warning and ordered to make correction by CIRC’s local branch office.

Article 38
Employees of a representative office being with direct responsibility for activities violating these Rules shall be imposed by CIRC with a disciplinary warning and /or a fine below RMB 5000 yuan, according to the seriousness of the cases.

Article 39
CIRC may issue a disciplinary warning to a representative office involved in providing false information or concealing important facts.

Article 40
CIRC may order the representative offices, found in violation of other provisions stipulated in these Rules, to make corrections; those who do not make corrections within a prescribed time period shall be issued a disciplinary warning.

Chapter Ⅴ Supplementary Provisions

Article 41
These Rules shall, mutatis mutandis, apply to the representative offices established in the mainland by insurance institutions from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region, and Taiwan region.

Article 42
These Rules shall, mutatis mutandis, apply to the resident offices of foreign insurance institutions approved to establish in China by CIRC.

Article 43
The terms “above”, “below” and “within” used to indicate a threshold number shall include the number itself.

Article 44
The approval and reporting periods prescribed in these Rules concerning licensing and reporting periods refer to working days, which exclude weekends and public holidays.

Article 45
CIRC shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Rules.

Article 46
These Rules shall be effective as of March 1, 2004, and the Rules on Administration of Representative Offices of Foreign Insurance Institutions, issued by CIRC on November 26, 1999 shall be repealed simultaneously.




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教育部关于公布备案的38所高等职业学校名单的通知

教育部


教育部关于公布备案的38所高等职业学校名单的通知



教发函〔2004〕155号


  根据《国务院办公厅关于国务院授权省、自治区、直辖市人民政府审批设立高等职业学校有关问题的通知》(国办发〔2000〕3号)和《教育部办公厅关于各省、自治区、直辖市自行审批设立高等职业学校备案问题的通知》(教发厅〔2001〕6号)的有关规定,现同意将有关省、自治区、直辖市人民政府自行审批设立的38所高等职业学校予以备案(名单见附件)。其中涉及中等卫生学校参与组建的通辽职业学院和信阳职业技术学院,原则上不能举办医学类专业,因特殊情况确需举办的,须按有关规定报我部批准。

教育部同意备案的高等职业学校名单(计38所)

序号
学校名称
建校基础名称
主管部门
备注

1
山西体育职业学院
山西省体育运动学校
山西省


2
山西警官职业学院
山西省第二人民警察学校
山西省


3
山西国际商务职业学院
山西省国际商务学校
山西省


4
太原旅游职业学院
太原旅游学校
山西省


5
乌兰察布职业学院
乌盟财贸粮食工业学校
乌盟农牧学校
内蒙古自治区


6
通辽职业学院
通辽教育学院
通辽卫生学校
内蒙古电大通辽分校(资源)
内蒙古自治区


7
科尔沁艺术职业学院
通辽艺术学校
内蒙古自治区


8
郑州电子信息职业技术学院
郑州电子信息专修学院 (资源)
河南省教育厅
民办

9
嵩山少林武术职业学院
少林寺武术专修学院 (资源)
河南省教育厅
民办

10
郑州工业安全职业学院
郑州煤炭高级技工学校
郑州矿务局职工大学
河南省


11
永城职业学院
永城职业学校
河南省


12
信阳职业技术学院
信阳教育学院
信阳卫生学校
河南省


13
郑州职业技术学院
郑州市机电学校
河南省


14
郑州旅游职业学院
郑州旅游学校
河南省


15
河南农业职业学院
河南省农业学校
河南省


16
河南交通职业技术学院
河南省交通学校
河南省


17
河南经贸职业学院
河南省商业学校
河南省


18
湖北黄石机电职业技术学院
湖北黄石电子科技学校
湖北省


19
武汉工业职业技术学院
中国第一冶金建设职工大学
湖北省


20
武汉民政职业学院
武汉涉外旅游学校
湖北省


21
鄂东职业技术学院
黄冈工业学校
湖北省


22
湖北财税职业学院
湖北省税务学校
湖北省


23
湖北生物科技职业学院
原湖北生物生态职业技术学院南湖校区(资源)
湖北省


24
湖北生态工程职业技术学院
原湖北生物生态职业技术学院江夏校区(资源)
湖北省


25
楚天欧亚职业学院
黄冈市公安中等专业学校
湖北省教育厅
民办

26
江汉艺术职业学院
湖北省潜江艺术师范学校
湖北省


27
湖北国土资源职业学院
湖北省地质职工大学
湖北省国土资源工程学校
湖北省


28
湘西民族职业技术学院
湘西自治州农业学校
吉首经济贸易学校
湖南省


29
湖南儿童工程职业学院
长沙师范学校
湖南省


30
衡阳财经工业职业技术学院
衡阳市财会学校
衡阳技术学院
湖南省


31
益阳职业技术学院
益阳农业学校
益阳工业贸易学校
湖南省


32
湖南同德职业学院
湖南常德电脑专修大学(资源)
湖南省教育厅
民办

33
四川司法警官职业学院
四川省警官学校
四川省


34
四川警安职业学院
四川绵竹剑南学校
四川省教育厅
民办

35
四川信息职业技术学院
四川省电子工业学校
四川省


36
广安职业技术学院
岳池师范学校
四川省


37
四川商务职业学院
四川省商业学校
四川省对外经济贸易学校
四川省


38
银川科技职业学院
新建
宁夏回族自治区教育厅
民办




举证时限制度是要求当事人应当按照法律规定或者法院指定的期限内向法院或者他方当事人提出证据,逾期不提出则承担相应法律后果的一项民事诉讼期间制度。该制度的主要功能在于使得部分逾期提出的证据不再具备可采性,而将其排除出认定案件事实的证据之列。因此,举证时限制度的主要目的在于督促当事人的举证积极性和防止证据突袭,以保证民事审判的效率和公平。

1991年通过的民事诉讼法中没有关于举证时限制度的规定,在2007年对民事诉讼法的上一次修订中,也没有涉及举证时限制度。2002年最高人民法院《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》开始对这一制度有所规定。该司法解释第三十三条规定:“举证期限可以由当事人协商一致,并经人民法院认可。由人民法院指定举证期限的,指定的期限不得少于三十日,自当事人收到案件受理通知书和应诉通知书的次日起计算。”第三十四条规定:“当事人应当在举证期限内向人民法院提交证据材料,当事人在举证期限内不提交的,视为放弃举证权利。对于当事人逾期提交的证据材料,人民法院审理时不组织质证。但对方当事人同意质证的除外。”

然而,在实践中却经常出现以下两种情况:第一,在相当部分的案件中,由于当事人的诉讼能力差,尽管无主观上的故意,也会发生逾期提交证据的情况,如果严格按照上述司法解释的规定,显然这样的情形便会被视为当事人“放弃举证权利”;第二,在很多场合下,部分当事人因“证据突袭”的心理作祟,在不了解“证据失权”效力的情形下,一部分当事人故意不按举证期限提出证据,结果在提出证据时超出了举证期限,所提出的证据不能进入审判。由于在诉讼中当事人的“趋利”心理,对于对方当事人逾期提出的证据,如果对本方不利,当事人很显然不会同意予以质证,那么按照法律的规定,上述这样两种情况的结果必然是相关证据无法进入审理程序,导致法院难以查清案件事实,实体公正的实现会受到巨大挑战,当事人的合法权益也就难以得到有效保护。而针对上述第二种情况,即当事人主观上有过错,故意逾期提交证据的情形,事实上也不应当一概而论。如果案件标的巨大,只是因为当事人不明了法律的规定而使得关键证据缺席审理过程导致事实无法认定,会使得当事人承受败诉风险甚至蒙受巨大的损失,这与其过错的程度来说,或许也是极为不相称的。因此,从法律条文的实际作用上来说,该司法解释的第三十四条规定并不合理。可能导致的后果是当事人认为自己只是因为一条僵硬的程序性规定而败诉,案件结果有失公正,如果当事人无法接受败诉事实而缠诉上访,就不能很好地实现案结事了,促进社会纠纷的解决,甚至带来更大的司法资源浪费并造成新的社会不稳定因素。

在程序法制定时,任何一项程序性时限的规定,都必然包含着对节约司法资源、提高审判效率的考量,可是关于效率价值的考量并不能牺牲公正价值在司法过程中的体现。参考其他国家关于举证时限的规定,如大陆法系的代表性国家德国,在民事诉讼中的证据失权(也就是举证时限)制度中规定有若干条件:第一,法官实施了审前准备,为当事人提交证据提供了足够的时间和机会;第二,逾期举证将导致诉讼被延迟;第三,当事人逾期举证有重大过失。即便如此,法院在遇到当事人逾期举证时,还应当给当事人一个解释的机会,让其就无过失逾期加以说明。只有在法官认为当事人逾期举证有重大过失,而且会导致延迟诉讼时,才动用证据失权予以制裁。也就是说,在当事人逾期举证时,法官有一定的自由裁量权,来动态地衡量实体公正与程序公正之间的价值,最终作出决定。在英美法系的代表国家,也是证据制度发展程度很高的美国,并没有规定所谓的“证据失权”制度。因为美国一方面律师制度较为成熟,当事人大多能够得到熟知法律的律师的帮助,而民事诉讼制度中证据开示、当事人证据交换的时间比审判的时间长得多,一个案件往往需要用一年、两年甚至更长的时间来进行证据开示。所以,当事人收集和提交证据的权利能够得到充分保障,证据的相关性规则能够保证证据在诉讼中举出,不会发生证据失权的问题。在与我国民事诉讼制度更为接近的日本和中国台湾地区,逾期提出的证据也不一概而论地视为“失权”,均规定了逾期提出证据的一方可以向法院及对方当事人说明未能及时提出的理由,至于是否失权,由法官自由心证决定。如此一来,关于举证期限的规定就变成了法官具有一定的自由裁量权的一项制度,证据是否可以进入审判,由法官来决定,这就可以从一定程度上缓解旧民诉法中相关程序条款的僵硬性,照顾到案件的实体公正。

上述国家关于民事诉讼举证时限的规定,相对我国原来的举证时限制度更具合理性。新民事诉讼法在结合本国国情的基础上,合理借鉴了上述不同法域国家或地区相关规定的精神。新民诉法第六十五条规定:“当事人对自己提出的主张应当及时提供证据。人民法院根据当事人的主张和案件审理情况,确定当事人应当提供的证据及其期限。当事人在该期限内提供证据确有困难的,可以向人民法院申请延长期限,人民法院根据当事人的申请适当延长。当事人逾期提供证据的,人民法院应当责令其说明理由;拒不说明理由或者理由不成立的,人民法院根据不同情形可以不予采纳该证据,或者采纳该证据但予以训诫、罚款。”由此可见,本条规定放弃了原法条中刚性的“证据失权”规则,以要求当事人及时提出证据的强制性规定,同时辅之以法官的自由心证判断,来审视当事人逾期提出的证据是否可以进入审判。事实上这是允许逾期提出的相关证据进入审判的一种灵活处理,而在这种灵活处理当中,则体现出案件审理法官面对程序正义和实体公正相互发生冲突时的一种价值权衡。而在法律后果的规定上,本条则赋予了法官不同的选择——既可以决定不采纳该逾期提出的证据,也可以决定采纳该证据,但出于程序正义的考虑,要对当事人提出训诫或处以罚款。对于相当一部分当事人来说,也许并不能完全理解“证据失权”的含义和法律效力,但是训诫和罚款则是具有一般常识的当事人都能够理解的。如此规定对于当事人明确举证时限的法律后果、督促当事人按时提出证据将会起到很大的促进作用。

正如学界所认为的,举证时限制度在查明事实真相与坚持程序正义上是一把“双刃剑”。如何正确、有效地把握好、运用好这把双刃剑,对立法者和司法者均提出了有力的挑战。现如今新民诉法已经从立法上赋予了法官面对逾期提出的证据有着一定的自由裁量权,法官在案件的实际审判中如何运用好手中的权力,如何在维护程序公正和实体公正的过程中做好价值权衡,这也对法官提出了新的要求和挑战。笔者认为,在当事人逾期提出证据时,法官必须考虑该逾期提出的证据对于证明案件事实的价值以及当事人主观过错程度,具体可以从以下几个方面分情形加以考虑和操作:

第一,当事人逾期提出的证据系案件的关键证据,对于认定案件事实具有重要作用时,无论当事人的主观过错的大小,这样的证据是不应当被“失权”的,相应的处理则应当是案件审判法官根据当事人主观过错程度高低以及逾期所拖延的时间长短对当事人处以不同严厉程度的训诫或罚款。

第二,当事人逾期提出的证据并非案件的关键证据,对于证明案件事实作用一般时,案件审理法官应当根据当事人主观过错的程度、当事人提出的说明理由以及逾期所拖延时间的长短来决定证据是否“失权”。

在第二种情形下,出于程序公正和效率的考虑,“证据失权”可能会呈现为一种常态。需要注意的是,新民诉法并没有细化司法实践中可能出现的不同情形下法官应当采取的不同处理方法和态度,也没有明确具体训诫的程度和罚款的数额,这有可能会引发关于司法尺度统一和公平性的新疑问。因此,在新民诉法的适用过程中,或许还有必要通过司法解释对实践中本条的运用情况进行细化补充,以真正实现本条规定的初衷。

(作者系中国政法大学证据科学研究院博士研究生)